Cisco Packet Tracer - Wireless Router Configuration

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Welcome to Network Engineer Stuff blog !!!!

In this blog We are going to see How we can configure Wireless router in Cisco packet tracer.

IF YOU NEED THE LAB MAIL US ON :- networkengineerstuff@gmail.com

Lets First Configure the Router 

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Router Configuration 

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Router(config)#int gi0/0/0

Router(config-if)#no shut

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0, changed state to up

Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0

Router(config-if)#exit

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On Laptop --> We need to select the Wireless Card 

and then check the ip address which we will be automatically gained from the wirless router 

Now we can connect the wireless router from the PC using the IP address ---> 192.168.0.1 

Default username & password - admin

Now change the WAN IP which is under Internet Setup 

Now lets change the LAN IP address under Network Setup 

This will interrupt the connection and we will get the timeout 

Lets check if the laptop got the new address 

and ping the PC0 AND PC1

Let change the Wireless router SSID and password 

While changing the Router SSID & password the connection will be interrupted so we have to login again 

 Now lets connect another laptop in the network or pc 

Now lets ping PC1 from PC2

That's successful 

Thanks for Reading !!!!!!

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TOP 10 ETHERCHANNEL Interview Questions & Answers

Question 1 – What is Etherchannel and why do we need it ?

Etherchannel is a method of logical bundling of multiple physical links into a single logical channel.

Advantage

More Bandwidth

Redundancy

Also known as Port Aggregation

Question 2 –How many links we can bundle in to one Etherchannel?

Depends upon the negotiation protocol

Incase of LACP - We can combine / bundle upto 16 links in to one Etherchannel   8 active + 8 standby

Incase of PAgP- We can combine / bundle upto 8 links in to one Etherchannel

Question 3 –How many Etherchannels can be configured on a Switch?

The maximum number of supported EtherChannels on a single switch is platform-dependent, though most support up to 64 or 128 EtherChannels.

Catalyst 3550XL switch supports max. 64 ECs.

Catalyst 6500 switch supports max. 128 ECs.

Question 4 –What are the requirements for Etherchannel ?

All the ports must have same Speed & Duplex.

All the ports must be in same switchport mode (Access / Trunk)

If the ports are in Access mode then they should be member of same VLAN.

If the ports are in Trunk mode then they should same Native Vlan , Allowed Vlan and Trunking encapsulation Protocol.

None of the ports in the bundle can be a SPAN port .

Question 5 –Etherchannel is Layer 2 or Layer 3?

We configure both Layer 2 & Layer 3 Etherchannel depending upon the requirement .

Layer 2 Etherchannel – switchport & No IP Address.

Layer 3 Etherchannel – no switchport & Etherchannel will have IP Address.

Question 6 –What are different Etherchannel Modes?

There are multiple modes in Etherchannel :-

On – Manually configured Etherchannel (negotiation is disable)

LACP – Industry Standard

Active -The interface which is configured in this mode will actively try to form the Etherchannel.

Passive - The interface which is configured in this mode will passively try to form the Etherchannel.

PAgP – Cisco Proprietary

Desirable - The interface which is configured in the mode will actively try to form the Etherchannel.

Auto - The interface which is configured in the mode will passively try to form the Etherchannel.

Question 7 –How to configure Etherchannel mode between 2 switches ?

Switch(config)#int range fa0/1-4

Switch(config-if)#channel-group 10 mode <on/auto/desirable/passive/active>

Question 8 –How to troubleshoot the etherchannel when interfaces are configured in LACP Passive mode on both the switches?

If the Interfaces are configured in Passive mode on both the switches then Etherchannel won’t come up .

To troubleshoot we need to configure the interfaces on one switch as Active.                                                                                                                     

Question 9 –What are the load balancing methods supported by Etherchannel?

EtherChannel utilizes a load-balancing algorithm to determine the port to send the traffic out, based on one of several criteria:

 Source IP address - src-ip

 Destination IP address - dst-ip

 Source and destination IP address - src-dst-ip

 Source MAC address - src-mac

 Destination MAC address - dst-mac

 Source and Destination MAC address - src-dst-mac

 Source TCP/UDP port number - src-port

 Destination TCP/UDP port number - dst-port

Source and destination port number - src-dst-port

Question 10 –What is Port Priority value in LACP Etherchannel?

Port Priority is an additional configuration option in LACP.

It is used to determine which ports can become active in Etherchannel and which ports to become standby when there is a limitation that prevents all compatible ports from aggregating.

Values ranges from <1 – 65535 >

Lower value means Higher Priority

Thanks for Reading !!!!

amartechstuff

Switch(config-if)# lacp port-priority “PRIORITY”

HSRP Vs VRRP Vs GLBP

 

Routing Protocols gives redundancy at layer 3

Redundancy between 2 switches, you connect 2 or more links between them.

Similarly to allow redundancy for your clients, you might want to connect 2 routers as the gateway to exit from the network.

FHRP  First Hop Redundancy Protocol

Gives redundancy at First Hop level gives redundancy at the gateway level

On PC I can configure only one IP address as default gateway. If that device (router) goes down then I would need to configure manually on my PCs the new default gateway.

So from the perspective of PC needs --> First Hop Redundancy

FHRP technology allows the 2 routers to share a single IP address. Or we can say a shared ip address between the 2 routers which is called as the VIP – Virtual IP .where you have the rights to prefer a specific router as forwarding router and another routers as Backup router.

Along with VIP the routers will also share mac address.

Forwarding router is the router which will be answering for the VIP and will forward the traffic .

FHRP establish the relationship between the 2 routers, hellos are exchanges between those routers and incase the forwarding/active/master router goes down then the standby router will become active and will now be answering for the VIP and will forward traffic for the clients.

We have the rights which router to be preferred as forwarding/active/master and backup/standby by manipulating the priority values.

Remember FHRP is the technology it is not the actual implementation.

There are 3 main FHRP Implementations HSRP VRRP AND GLBP

Protocol Features	HSRP - Hot Standby Protocol	VRRP - Virtual Redudancy Protocol	GLBP - Gateway Load Balancing Protocol
Scope	Cisco Proprietary	IEEE standard	Cisco proprietary
Standard	RFC2281	RFC3768	none
OSI Layer	Layer-3	Layer-3	Layer-2
Load Balancing	No	No	Yes
Multicast Group IP address	224.0.0.2 in version 1   224.0.0.102 in version 2	224.0.0.18	224.0.0.102
Transport Port Number	UDP 1985	UDP 112	UDP 3222
Timers	Hello – 3 sec	Advertisement – 1 sec	Hello – 3sec
	Hold – 10 sec	Master down time = 3*Advertisement Time + Skew TimeSkew Time = (256- Priority)/256	Hold – 10sec
Election	Active Router:1.Highest Priority2. Highest IP address (Tiebreaker)	Master Router: (*)	Active Virtual Gateway:
		1-Highest Priority	1-Highest Priority
		2-Highest IP (Tiebreaker)	2-Highest IP (Tiebreaker)
Router Role	One Active Router, One Standby Router , One or more listening Router/s	– One Active Router- One or  More Backup Routers	One AVG (Active Virtual Gateway)- up to 4 AVF  Routers on the group  (Active Virtual Forwarder) passing traffic. - up to 1024 virtual Routers (GLBP groups)  per physical interface.
Preempt	If Active Router(Highest Priority) is down and up again, Preempt should be configured to become a Active Router again	By default Preempt is ON in VRRP,  If Active Router is down and up again, It will automatically become a MasterRouter	If Active Router(Highest Priority) is down  and up again, Preempt should be configured  to become a Active Router again.
Group Virtual Mac Address	0000.0c07.acxx	0000.5e00.01xx	0007.b4xx.xxxx
IPv6 support	Yes	No	Yes